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Object Oriented Programming or OOP refers to langauges that uses objects in programming.
The main aim of OOP is to bind together the data and the functions that operate on them so that no other part of the code can access this data except that function
Class
Class is a blueprint for creating particular data structures, providing initial values for state, and implemntations of behavior.
Object
Object is an instance of a class which has the structure of its blueprint but also owns its unique state and behavior.
Encapsulation
Encapsulation is achieved when each object keeps its state private, inside a class.
Other objects don’t have direct access to this state.
Abstraction
Abstraction means that each object should only expose a high-level mechanism for using it.
This mechanism should hide internal implementation details.
Inheritance
Objects are often similar. They share common logic.
With inheritance, the child class reuses all fields and methods of the parent class and can implement its own.
Polymorphism
Polymorphism means “many shapes”. It gives a way to use a class exactly like its parent, but each child class keeps its own methods as they are.